Protein synthesis refers to the process by which cells construct proteins. It's a fundamental cellular mechanism for all living organisms, as proteins carry out enzymatic activities, structural ...

Modern eukaryotic cells have proteins that enable chromosome segregation during cell division, new discoveries shed light on their origin in simpler prokaryotic organisms. Modern nucleated (eukaryotic ...

In the beginning, there was boredom. Following the emergence of cellular life on earth, some 3.5 billion years ago, simple cells lacking a nucleus and other detailed internal structure dominated the ...